So flood risk management is assembling activities of several professionals such as hydrologists, hydraulic engineers, economists, social scientists, ecologists, and planners for reducing flood hazard impacts. Review of the flood management measures to advance the planning for future hazards Recovery of the environment and the economic Land-use planning and preventing unsuitable development in the flood plainsĪwareness among the people exposed to flood Some studies declare that flood risk management (includes structural and non-structural measures) needs a complete ordered set of activities before and after hazard Samuels ( 2006) suggests these activities as follows:ĭisaster planning to found discharge paths, public service and infrastructure supplies for emergency actionsĬonstruction of flood related infrastructure (physical structure and forecasting system) They include educating, reporting, warning and forecasting, assessing measures, emergency services, land use planning, flood insurance, Building codes, Health and social measures, public participation, etc. Non-structural measures involve several mitigation measures not modifying the river flow. The basic principles consist of storing diverting and confinement of floods. Structural and non-structural structural measures consist of infrastructure development like levees, dams or river dike that modifies the river flow (Faisal et al. In flood management subject there are two approaches for flood mitigation and protection: Recovery (after disaster) (Tingsanchali 2012) (Fig. The main steps of risk management are:įlood planning mitigation measures (preparedness-before disaster). Avoiding, reduction or shifting the impacts of flood through processes for mitigation and adaptation are flood risk management‘s main goal (UNISDR 2009). On the other word, flood management does not attempt to eliminate flood risk but its aim is mitigate them. It is not possible to avoid flood risks completely, so it is necessary to manage them. The main purpose of flood risk management is reduction these human loss and economic costs to acceptable level.
In studying flood risk, it is useful to classify floods to: (a) coastal floods which can occur on the coast and along the banks of large lakes (b) river floods that occur seasonally when spring rains water fills river basins too quickly, and the river will overflow its banks (c) flash floods are short-term floods in small region such as part of the city which kill and damage the most (Balica 2007). This means floods are part of the hydrological cycle, but due to dispute natural function of river flood plains in transport water and sediment as a result of human land use, risk has increased (Schanze 2006). Despite a lot of definitions in literature, the concept of risk with regard to “hazard” and “vulnerability” seems to be the most accepted in flood risk management so it is significant to know that “risk” is completely a human subject. In most cases, risk term has been defined in relation to the purposes of different science in which disaster management methods were required. This paper desires to investigate four groups of the more common methods. Different assessing methods of flood vulnerability have been developed over the last few decades. Increasing assessment methods and improving our understanding about flood risk vulnerability can support decision makers in decreasing damage and mortalities. Indeed urban flood vulnerability is various in time to time and in diverse places because of environmental conditions, human activities, and the culture of society in face of the threats (Ahmad and Simonovic 2013). One of the main steps in this process is measuring vulnerability to identify vulnerable areas (Takemoto 2011) and adopting effective measures. For achieving this goal, vulnerability reduction and increasing resilience are significant approaches. Managing flood with the aim of safety and wellbeing of people and their environment saving is one of the main responsibilities of city authorities in flood prone areas. This means that many urban areas across the globe are likely to be under serious threat of floods, the adverse impacts of which are already believed only next to that of earthquakes (BALABAN 2009). Floods are anticipated to happen more strictly and regularly in the future because of climate change, unplanned rapid urbanization, change in land use pattern, poor watershed management and decline recharge of groundwater by extension of impermeable surfaces in urban areas. The aim of this paper is to evaluate current knowledge on flood vulnerability assessment approaches.
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